A flow chart visually depicts a process or the stages of a project. Frequently used in business, a flow chart provides a common reference point for those involved in a project or procedure. It is also a helpful point of reference to find errors in a process or project.

Businesses might use separate flow charts to depict actual processes and best processes, and then compare the two to improve processes. A flow chart is also an effective method to train employees on a new process. Frequently, a flow chart is used to facilitate agreement on the steps of a project or process. Common benefits of flow charting are better understanding of a process, quality improvement, and a clearer understanding of the relationship between customers and suppliers.

The modern flow chart is associated with early depictions of the logic of computer programs. However, a flow chart can be used for any purpose, not just for business processes. A flow chart might depict assembly instructions for a consumer product, a timeline for an organization fundraiser, or directions from one destination to another. Application software might use a flow chart of tasks in its user documentation.

A flow chart includes start and end points, with inputs, outputs, possible paths, and decisions along the way. Most flow charts use basic symbols; start and end steps are usually oval or rounded rectangles. A rectangle represents a step in the process and a diamond shape indicates a decision. Arrows leading out of a decision diamond have corresponding yes/true or no/false routes.

Circles depict operations and an arrow-shape means transportation. A triangle indicates storage and a square represents inspection or measurement. Other shapes symbolize data input and output, single and multi-page documents, manual operations, delays, and next-page connectors. The symbols contain identifying text.

To indicate a joint process, a flow chart will combine two or more symbols. Arrows between the symbols depict the flow of steps. A simplified flow chart might utilize arrows only to show the flow of action. Not all flow charts use symbols; some use graphics to indicate a product or process.

When designing a flow chart, first assemble information about the flow of the existing or anticipated process. Create a trial process flow chart using the simplest symbols possible. Have others look for flaws and make the necessary changes. When developing a flow chart, be sure to clearly define boundaries. Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel have functions for creating a flow chart. Numerous specialized software programs exist for flow charting, including Visio, SmartDraw, Corel Flow, and ABC FlowCharter.